K M GASTRO CENTER

Acidity refers to the excess production of stomach acid, causing symptoms like heartburn, indigestion, and sour taste, often from acid flowing into the esophagus (acid reflux). Causes include diet (spicy/fatty foods), stress, smoking, alcohol, and certain medicines.

GERD, or gastroesophageal reflux disease, is a digestive disorder that occurs when the lower esophageal sphincter (LES)—the ring of muscle between the esophagus and stomach—becomes weak or relaxes, allowing stomach acid to flow back into the esophagus. 

Inflammatory Bowel Disease is a common term used to describe disorder that involves chronic inflammation of the digestive tract. This results in long term inflammation and ulcers in the small intestine, large intestine and rectum. Types : ULCERATIVE COLITIS and CHRON'S DISEASE

Liver diseases involve various conditions that impair liver function, commonly including Fatty liver (alcoholic/non-alcoholic), Viral hepatitis (A, B, C), Autoimmune disorders, Genetic conditions (like hemochromatosis, Wilson's disease. 

Symptoms include jaundice, abdominal swelling, fatigue, and easy bruising.

Gallstones are hardened deposits, usually of cholesterol or bilirubin, that form in the gallbladder from excess substances in bile, causing pain (biliary colic) in the upper right abdomen, nausea, or fever if they block ducts, though in many patients gallstones are "silent" means no symptoms.

Pancreatitis is the inflammation in pancreas that occurs when digestive enzymes become activated while still in pancreas, irritating the cells of pancreas and causing inflammation. It presents with sever pain in the upper abdomen and in few cases emergency admission will be required 

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a common chronic gut disorder causing abdominal pain, cramping, bloating, gas, and changes in bowel habits (diarrhea, constipation, or both) without visible intestinal damage, stemming from poor gut-brain communication, gut sensitivity, and motility issues

The bacteria penetrate the mucoid lining of the stomach, leading to hyper acidity, gastritis and ulcers. In some cases infection goes unnoticed for many years due to the absence of symptoms. H. Pylori is diagnosed by Rapid  Urease Test or Ammonia Breath Test or Stool  Antigen Test

A peptic ulcer is a painful sore in the stomach or small intestine, usually caused by H. pylori or pain medicines. Protective mucous layer is eroded, allowing acid to create an open wound which can bleed. Symptoms are burning abdominal pain, nausea, and bloating.It is diagnosed via endoscopy.

Hemorrhoids are swollen veins in the lowest part of your rectum and anus. Sometimes, the walls of these blood vessels stretch so thin that the veins bulge and get irritated, especially when you are constipated or strain at stools. They can be painful and uncomfortable and cause bleeding.

An anal fissure is a small tear in the thin, moist tissue (mucosa) that lines the anus. This condition can occur when you pass hard or large stools during a bowel movement. 

It can present as pain or burning sensation in the anal region or blood in stools.

Constipation refers to a condition in which there is infrequent bowl movement or difficult passage of stools that start for several days or weeks. In general terms constipation can be defined as having less than four bowl movements in a week.

Dyspepsia also known as indigestion, is the pain or a feeling of discomfort in the upper part of the stomach. Symptoms include burning in the stomach, abdominal pain, bloating/ abdominal fullness, belching gas, nausea / vomiting, acidic taste and growling stomach

Gastroparesis is a disease in which the stomach cannot empty itself of food in a normal fashion. This condition can lead to symptoms such as heartburn, nausea, vomiting, and feeling full quickly when eating. 

Diverticulitis refers to the presence of small out pouchings in the muscular wall of the large intestine. It is often caused by less fiber in the diet. It presents as abdominal pain.

An endoscopy is a medical procedure using a long, thin, flexible tube with a camera (an endoscope) to view the inside of the food pipe, stomach, small intestine for diagnosis or treatment. It allows doctors to check for issues like inflammation, ulcers, or bleeding, and to take tissue samples (biopsies) or perform minor procedures like polyp removal.

A colonoscopy is a medical procedure where a doctor uses a long, flexible tube with a camera (colonoscope) to examine the inside of the entire large intestine (colon) and rectum for issues like swollen tissue, ulcers, polyps, or cancer. It is performed after bowel preparation (cleansing). It allows for biopsy or removal of growths, preventing potential cancers.

A sigmoidoscopy is a medical test that uses a thin, flexible tube with a camera to examine the sigmoid colon, rectum and the lower part of the large intestine. We can identify polyps, inflammation, ulcers, or cancer. It is similar to a colonoscopy, but only covers the lower part of the colon and doesn't need bowel preparation.

A FibroScan is a quick, non-invasive ultrasound-based test that measures liver stiffness to assess fat accumulation (steatosis) and scarring (fibrosis/cirrhosis) using painless vibrations to determine liver health, crucial for managing conditions like fatty liver, Hepatitis B/C, and NASH. It avoid performing painful liver biopsy.

Ascitic tapping, or paracentesis, is a medical procedure to drain excess fluid (ascites) from the abdominal cavity, typically using a needle, for diagnosis (to check for infection/cancer) or therapy (to relieve pain, pressure). It helps in relieving abdominal pressure caused by unwanted fluid but isn't a permanent fix.

Endoscopic foreign body removal is a minimally invasive procedure using an endoscope to retrieve objects stuck in the digestive tract, like swallowed toys, batteries, bones, or utensils, avoiding surgery with high success rates (>95%) by using specialized tools like nets, snares, and forceps to grasp and extract items while protecting the airway and lining.